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Culture

Culture

Culture

Ghana has a diverse and very distictive culture.  As the world becomes a smaller place and cultures and peoples converge and interact with each other many cultures and languages begin to dillute and die out alltogether.  It is our intention to highlight and explore the culture of Ghana and provide readers with insight into the many cultural nuances of Ghana.

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Asantes believe that they are made up of two elements, blood and spirit both of which they obtain from their parents. The blood which comes from the mother determines the clan, Abusua, and the spirit which comes from the father determines the Nton. Since Asantes, like most Akans, are matrilineal, a child is what his/her mother is.

Therefore a person can be Asante only by virtue of the fact that his/her mother is Asante. It is possible for an Asante not to have nton but impossible not to belong to an Abusua. At the time of conception or even before, the clan is already determined and once born, the child is stuck with it.

There is an Akan/Asante saying that the clan is not like a tune that you can change simply because you don't like it. It falls on the people within the clan to improve it. . The eight clans are Oyoko, Bretuo, Agona, Asona, Asenie, Aduana, Ekuona, and Asakyiri

Music

Ghana is par excellence a nation of music. Every sphere of Ghanaian life-style throbs with music.  At the naming ceremony and the puberty rite, at the betrothal and the wedding, at the market and on the farms, at the blacksmith's and the potter's factory and at the beach fishing scene, at the village story-telling scene at night, at the chief's durbar and the annual Yam Festival, at the traditional priest's shrine or in the Christian church, at the social gathering or in the nightclub, music-making is ubiquitous.

Proverbs

Like in most african cultures, proverbs are the main ingredients in the Akan language. Proverbs (ebe) are small words symbols, anecdotes or stories, which are represented in all respects of Akan culture. A proverb can be a metaphor, allusion, idiom, euphemism, and folk tale. It always has a didactic significance and it is given in context of the beliefs of the Akan people.

Proverbs act as a catalyst of knowledge, wisdom philosophy, ethics and morals. They cover themes about God, ancestors, human beings, marriage, family death, values, animals, plants and moves. In fact, all aspect of life of the Akanis embedded in proverbs.

The Akan is the major cultural group of the Ivory Coast, with a population of approximately 4 million. The Baule, the Akye, the Anye, the Dan, the Asante and the Aowin are all Akan peoples. Among the Akan-speaking peoples of southern Ghana and adjacent Côte d'Ivoire, ritual pottery and figurative terracottas are used in connection with funeral practices that date at least to the 1600s.

African Ancestral Veneration & Christian Hagiography

The African devotion to his/her ancestors has been taken as the singular characteristic of African spiritual awareness, and so some early writers on African indigenous Culture referred to African Traditional Religion as ancestor worship. That is, African spirituality in essence is the worship of dead and gone great, great grand-parents.

Some early missionary writers on African traditional religion also confused African ancestors with spirits, and as a belief in spirit was considered superstitious, the veneration of the ancestors was seen as the cult of the spirits i.e. a form of animism.

Social organization in all Akan kingdoms is based on matrilineal descent. Each town or village has a royal family (the family that first settled there), and from this royal family the chief and the queenmother are selected by the elders of the royal family, the chief, or the queenmother. 

 

The queenmother is the co-ruler and has joint responsibility with the king for all affairs of the state (Rattray, 1923; Meyerowitz, 1951; Busia, 1951; Aidoo, 1981; Arhin, 1983; Manuh, 1988). This important constitutional role of the queenmother is illustrated by the Asante political organization in which the ohemmaa adwa (queenmother's stool) is the akonnua panyin, the senior stool in relation to the ohene adwa (king's stool). When the ohemmaa and ohene sit in state together, the ohene is seated to the right of the ohemmaa.

The Akan calendar

The Akan calendar is based on what the Akan call 'forty days'; Adaduanan (da=day, aduanan=forty). Close examination of the cycle reveals forty-two different days, with the forty-third being the same as the first.  The composition or construction of the Adaduanan cycle appears to be based on an older six-day week, still extant in some northern Guan communities such as the Nchumuru.  The six-day week is referred to as Nanson (literally seven-days) and reflect the lack of zero in the numbering systems; the last day and the first day are both included when counting the days of a week.
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